Current Position: Home > IP News > Construction experience of technology transfer system and transformation characteristics of scientific and technological achievements in overseas | the United States Hkipx Hong Kong Intellectual Property Exchange 5 days ago

Due to the particularity, complexity and specialization of scientific and technological achievements, it is difficult for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements to become a common problem in the world. Take the United States as an example. Since the U.S. Congress issued the "baydou act" in 1980, 17 relevant laws and regulations have been promulgated and amended in more than 30 years, and a relatively perfect technology transfer system has been established.

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The development of technology transfer system in the United States

1970s: in 1970, Stanford University set up the office of technology licensing. Niels J. Reimers, who was formerly the deputy director of the office of funded projects at Stanford University, served as the director of the office of technology licensing. Remus, an engineer and contract manager who has worked in high-tech enterprises, led the technology licensing office team to fully tap the innovation needs of enterprises in "Silicon Valley" and other places, and organically connected the business value of Stanford University's scientific and technological achievements with it, creating a milestone in the development of technology transfer in the United States. The Stanford University model has initially solved the problem of "worth transferring".

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1980s: Although the model of Technology Licensing Office of Stanford University set a model for technology transfer in the United States, technology transfer in the United States was still mainly limited to a few universities and research institutions such as Stanford University before 1980. In the 1970s, the US government obtained 70000 patents, but only 5% of them were commercialized. In order to change this situation, the U.S. Congress issued the "Baidu act" and "Stevenson wedler technology innovation act" in 1980. The promulgation of these two bills indicates that the technology transfer of the United States has entered into the national level from individual and occasional actions. Since then, the United States has promulgated and revised a series of relevant laws and regulations, such as the amendment to the bedu act, the National Cooperative Research Act, the federal technology transfer act, presidential order 12591, and the national competitive technology transfer act, which has initially solved the problem of "right to transfer".

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Stanford University OTL model

1990s: the University Technology Managers Association (AUTM), renamed from the former university patent Administrators Association (Supa), played an important role in the construction of technology transfer institutions and the training of technology transfer talents in American universities and research institutions. The mode of technology transfer office expanded from Stanford University to many universities and research institutions in the United States. At the same time, in the context of the rapid development of venture capital, a series of service institutions in technology, economy, law and other aspects have been put into technology transfer activities, initially solving the problem of "how to transfer".

Since the 21st century: while the high-tech enterprises represented by Google continue to increase investment in technological innovation, the venture capital and innovation and entrepreneurship in the United States have further developed, the demand for technology is strong, and the problem of "willing to transfer" has been further solved.

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The main characteristics of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in the United States

Laws, regulations and policy guarantee: the fundamental reason for the success of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in the United States is that it has a perfect national laws, regulations and policy guarantee system. The baidu act of the United States clearly defines the ownership of intellectual property rights, allows universities and non-profit organizations to transfer or license their patents to enterprises, thus promoting the technology transfer of relevant departments of the federal government and its subordinate federal laboratories, and has a positive impact on the later economic development of the United States.

Give full play to the role of the government in the transformation of Macro-control: the United States has received strong support from the government in the process of transformation of scientific and technological achievements. The government has given full play to its unique functions of protection, promotion and supervision: to protect the interests of all parties through the promulgation of a series of science and technology laws and policies; Through the establishment of technology transfer agencies and venture capital institutions to play its role in promoting; Through the establishment of technology evaluation system, it can play its supervisory function.

Universities are regarded as the main operators of the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and strict management system is established: most universities in the United States have special institutions responsible for the transfer and transformation of technology, and strict management system is also established. For example, most universities in the United States stipulate that as long as the university resources are used or the invention is created within the scope of its research, the patent right belongs to the University, and the inventor or transformator cannot enjoy the ownership of the patent. In addition, with the transformation process of scientific and technological achievements, the staff who created the achievements can provide long-term consulting value services for enterprises, or serve as independent directors to provide value services, which generally does not exceed five years. However, the personnel who created the scientific and technological achievements are not allowed to hold the posts of chairman, chief executive officer, chief financial officer, chief technical officer, etc. in the enterprise, otherwise the school will persuade them to quit the post of teacher.

In order to promote the technology transfer and achievement transformation of colleges and universities, American colleges and universities will recruit experts with professional knowledge and rich experience from the society to engage in relevant work, and give them rich remuneration. The University of Hawaii stipulates that the ownership of any invention obtained by using the funds, equipment, infrastructure and personnel of the University shall be enjoyed by the University, but two thirds of the patent interest shall be given to the inventor. If the university does not use the resources of the University and does not fall within the scope of its own research, the invention shall be owned by the inventor himself; Stanford University stipulates that the university will not extract any income from the technology transfer except the patent application and maintenance fees, and adopt the policy of "releasing water to raise fish". MIT stipulates that 15% of the income from technology transfer will be used for technology development, and the rest will be taken by the patent inventor, his department and the University.

[warm tips] source materials: Qiu fankezhuan, blue ocean evergreen think tank. The copyright belongs to the original author. If there is something wrong, please contact to inform us of modification or deletion. Thank you.


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