In 2021, strengthening the national strategic scientific and technological power is the first task to improve the capability of scientific and technological innovation proposed in the government work report.

Scientific and technological innovation has been promoted to an unprecedented position.

This is reflected in the plan proposals adopted by the Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the party, and then to the outline (Draft) and the government work report of the 14th five year plan, which appeared at the fourth session of the 13th National People's Congress on March 5.

The outline (Draft) of the plan has four important contents during the period of the 14th five year plan: strengthening the national strategic scientific and technological strength, enhancing the technological innovation ability of enterprises, stimulating the vitality of talents innovation, and perfecting the system and mechanism of scientific and technological innovation.

The government report deployed the key work of science and technology innovation in 2021. Both of them point to the goal of "key core technology to achieve major breakthroughs and enter the forefront of innovative countries" in 2035.

This paper summarizes 15 main tasks of science and technology innovation in 2021 in the government work report sentence by sentence, and lists 13 main tasks of the four major sectors of scientific and technological innovation during the 14th five year plan.

How to implement these measures in 2021 and how to promote them in order in the next five years constitute a road map for improving the national innovation system.

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Strengthen the key of national strategic scientific and technological strength

In 2021, strengthening the national strategic scientific and technological power is the first task to improve the capability of scientific and technological innovation proposed in the government work report. During the "14th five year plan", the plan outline (Draft) will be deployed from four aspects: integrating and optimizing the allocation of science and technology resources, strengthening the original leading scientific and technological research, persistently strengthening basic research, and building a major scientific and technological innovation platform, and strengthening the national strategic scientific and technological strength.

Key words 1: National Laboratory

The government work report states that the construction of national laboratories will be promoted in 2021.

The outline of the plan (Draft) proposed that during the "14th five year plan" period, we should accelerate the construction of strategic scientific and technological forces guided by national laboratories. We will focus on quantum information, photons and micro nano electronics, network communication, artificial intelligence, biomedicine, modern energy systems and other major innovation fields to establish a number of national laboratories, reorganize the national key laboratories, and form a reasonable and efficient laboratory system.

Ministry of science and technology has started to pilot national laboratories since 2000, but many laboratories are in the stage of preparation for a long time, and until 2020, China successfully established the first batch of national laboratories.

National Laboratory is of great significance to the innovation and development of the country and the region. Dingliyun, a representative of the National People's Congress, academician of the Chinese Academy of engineering and professor of Huazhong University of science and technology, suggested that Wuhan should be promoted to build a national science and technology innovation center, a national laboratory and more innovation bases.

Dingliyun said that, for example, Wuhan optoelectronic National Research Center has made great contributions to the construction of optical valley. In order to develop the optical valley into the world optical valley in the future, it needs strong innovation base to support it, and to build the photoelectric research center as a national laboratory and support the construction of the world optical valley.

Key words 2: Innovation Base

The government work report proposes that the layout of science and technology projects and innovation bases should be improved in 2021.

The more specific system proposed in the plan outline (Draft) during the "14th five year plan" period includes: optimizing and upgrading the National Engineering Research Center, national technology innovation center, supporting the development of new research universities and new research and development institutions, etc.

The Ministry of science and technology recently launched the construction of national technology innovation center, which is divided into comprehensive and field categories. The comprehensive innovation center focuses on major regional needs or fields participating in international competition. The regional innovation center combs out the "neck" and "long board" technology, and puts forward clear technological innovation objectives and key tasks.

Experts believe that, while improving the layout of innovation base, it is necessary to promote the optimization of scientific research power allocation and resource sharing of scientific research institutes, colleges and universities, and enterprises, and promote the diversification of input subjects, modernization of management system, marketization of operation mechanism and activation of human-machine system.

Key words 3: Key Technologies

The government work report proposes that key core technology key technologies should be implemented in 2021 and "2030 major projects of scientific and technological innovation" should be further planned and promoted.

This is the strategic scientific plan and scientific engineering proposed in the planning outline (Draft) The outline of the plan (Draft) lists more specific areas to be solved during the 14th Five Year Plan Period: artificial intelligence, quantum information, integrated circuit, life health, brain science, biological breeding, aerospace technology, deep sea and other frontier fields, new emerging infectious diseases and biological safety risk prevention and control, medicine and medical equipment, key components and components and basic materials, oil and gas exploration Key core technologies in exploration and development fields.

Experts believe that these projects and projects are based on the urgent needs and long-term needs of the state, and focus on the basic core areas related to national security and overall development, and have forward-looking and strategic characteristics.

In particular, the government work report points out that people's livelihood technologies such as disease prevention and control and key issues should be developed.

This is listed in the outline (Draft), including: the mechanism and intervention research of major brain diseases, cancer, major infectious diseases, chronic diseases and other clinical medicine and health.

Key words 4: Science and Technology Innovation Center

The government work report proposes that it supports the construction of international and regional science and technology innovation centers in local areas where conditions exist.

The outline of the plan (Draft) gives a specific list: support Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao and Dawan district to form an international scientific and technological innovation center, build a comprehensive national science center in Huairou, Zhangjiang, Dawan and Hefei, Anhui, and support the conditional construction of regional science and technology innovation centers.

Xuelan, Dean of sushimin College of Tsinghua University, believes that Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao and Dawan district are the most abundant cities (urban circles) with the most abundant innovation resources. For other cities, scientific and technological innovation is also the key hub for them to transition from "high-speed development stage" to "high-quality development stage", which plays an important role in the transformation of new and old kinetic energy in the region.

At the national two conferences, other cities held a plenary meeting on March 4, which was "coveted" by the comprehensive national science center, such as the Chongqing delegation, which decided to submit the proposal of the whole delegation to the fourth session of the 13th National People's Congress - to support the construction of Chengdu Chongqing comprehensive Science Center.

Key words 5: Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone

The government work report proposes to strengthen the leading role of the national independent innovation demonstration zone.

The outline of the plan (Draft) points out that the specific areas include the National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone, high-tech Industrial Development Zone, economic and Technological Development Zone, etc.

In addition, during the "14th five year plan", China will appropriately advance the layout of national major science and technology infrastructure, intensively build natural science and technology resource base, national field scientific observation and research station (Network) and scientific big data center, and build a high-end exchange platform for national scientific research papers and scientific and technological information.

Experts believe that in the construction of these major scientific and technological innovation platforms, attention should be paid to improving the sharing level and efficiency of platform resources.

Key words 6: input of basic research

The government report suggests that the central government's basic research expenditure at the corresponding level will increase by 10.6% in 2021.

This is an important measure to increase the financial input of basic research and optimize the expenditure structure during the 14th five year plan.

At the new press conference held by the State Council on February 26, yeyujiang, director of the basic research division of the Ministry of science and technology, said that the investment in basic research in China has basically doubled during the 13th Five Year Plan period, reaching 13.6 billion yuan in 2019, accounting for the first time that the proportion of the whole society's R & D expenditure has exceeded 6%. It is estimated that the growth rate will exceed 150billion yuan in 2020, and the whole growth rate during the 13th Five Year Plan period is 2 digits, reaching 16.9%.

Basic research is the source of scientific and technological innovation. The government work report proposes that in 2021, we should improve the stable support mechanism and increase investment.

The outline of the plan (Draft) provides several channels for increasing investment during the period of the 14th five year plan: tax preference is applied to basic research of enterprises, and multi-channel investment by donation and fund establishment is encouraged to form a sustained and stable investment mechanism. The proportion of basic research funds in R & D investment has been increased to more than 8%.

Dingquiling, member of the CPPCC, academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and executive vice president of Shanghai Jiaotong University, introduced that in 2020, the basic research fund of China will be 150.4 billion yuan, accounting for 6.16% of R & D, while the r&d proportion in developed countries will be 15-20%, and the gap is still large.

The plan outline (Draft) also proposes to formulate and implement the ten-year action plan for basic research, focusing on the layout of a number of basic discipline research centers.

Yeyujiang, director of the basic research division of the Ministry of science and technology, said that the Ministry of science and technology will formulate the ten-year action plan for basic research (2021-2030) according to the requirements of the Central Committee, and make systematic deployment and arrangement for the development of basic research in China in the next ten years. We should further optimize the discipline layout and R & D layout, support the development of new disciplines, cold-cut disciplines and weak disciplines, especially to promote interdisciplinary integration and interdisciplinary research.

What is the key to improve the technological innovation ability of enterprises

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Enterprises are the main body of innovation. The government work report proposes that in 2021, the market-oriented mechanism should be used to stimulate enterprise innovation. During the "14th five year plan", the plan outline (Draft) is deployed from three aspects: encouraging enterprises to increase R & D investment, supporting industrial common basic technology research and development, and improving enterprise innovation service system, so as to improve the technological innovation capability of enterprises.

Key words 7: leading enterprises lead innovation

The government work report states that leading enterprises should be encouraged to form innovation consortia in 2021.

The plan outline (Draft) proposes that during the "14th five year plan", we should concentrate on integrating and upgrading a number of key common technology platforms, support leading enterprises in the industry to jointly build national industrial innovation center with universities, scientific research institutes and upstream and downstream enterprises of the industry and undertake major national science and technology projects. Support the establishment of industry research institutes by the joint transformation of qualified enterprises into scientific research institutes. Encourage local enterprises to establish mixed ownership industrial technology research institutes based on industrial clusters.

Experts believe that the purpose of encouraging leading enterprises to establish innovation consortia is to solve the key common technical problems in cross industry and cross fields, support the growth of innovative SMEs as an important source of innovation, and promote the integration of innovation among upstream, middle and lower reaches of industrial chain and large and medium-sized and medium-sized enterprises.

Key words 8: Transformation of scientific and technological achievements

The government work report proposes that in 2021, it is necessary to expand the integration channel for production, learning and research and improve the incentive mechanism of property rights of scientific and technological achievements.

The specific measures proposed in the plan outline (Draft) are to promote the national scientific research platform, scientific report and scientific research data to further open to enterprises during the "14th five year plan", innovate the mechanism of scientific and technological achievements transformation, and encourage the use of qualified scientific and technological achievements formed by financial funds to small and medium-sized enterprises. We will promote the reform of innovation and entrepreneurship institutions, and build specialized and market-oriented technology transfer institutions and technology managers.

Gaoyaguang, a member of the CPPCC, vice mayor of Wuxi and the main Committee of Wuxi Municipal Committee of the Democratic League, believes that the difficulty of transforming scientific and technological achievements is a bottleneck that has long restricted the innovation of science and technology and industrial development. She suggested that property rights should be used to encourage the scientific and technological achievements to be transformed, and to accumulate experience and explore the way for the country to deepen the reform of the property rights system of scientific and technological achievements.

Key words 9: venture capital

The government work report proposes that the supervision system and development policy of venture capital should be improved in 2021.

The outline (Draft) of the plan proposes that in terms of financial support and innovation, financial institutions will be encouraged to develop scientific and technological financial products such as intellectual property pledge financing and science and technology insurance during the 14th five year plan, and carry out pilot projects on risk compensation for loan transformation of scientific and technological achievements.

In terms of direct financing, during the "fourteenth five year plan" period, the financing channels for domestic listing of technology-based enterprises will be unblocked, the function of gem in serving growth oriented innovation and entrepreneurship enterprises will be improved, angel investment and venture capital will be encouraged, and the role of venture capital guidance fund and private equity fund will be better played.

Key words 10: incentive for R & D of enterprises

The government work report proposes that the company will continue to implement the 75% policy of additional deduction of R & D expenses in 2021, and increase the proportion of the added deduction of manufacturing enterprises to 100%. Encourage enterprises to increase their R & D investment by using tax preferential mechanism.

This is the "door opener" of "implementing more intensive R & D expenses plus deduction, preferential tax benefits of high-tech enterprises" during the "14th five year plan".

In terms of stimulating enterprises to increase R & D investment, the plan outline (Draft) also proposes to expand and optimize the first (set) major technical equipment insurance compensation and incentive policies. We will improve the assessment system to encourage the research and development of state-owned enterprises, establish a reserve system for R & D with independent accounting, free from value-added maintenance assessment and fault tolerance correction, so as to ensure that the annual growth rate of R & D expenditure of state-owned industrial enterprises in Central China is significantly higher than the national average. We will improve the preferential tax policies to encourage innovation of science and technology-based SMEs.

Stimulate the innovation vitality of talents to break the situation

Talent is the first resource of innovation. The government work report proposes that researchers can devote themselves to scientific exploration and make great breakthroughs in key core areas in the spirit of "ten years of sharpening one sword". During the "14th five year plan", the plan outline (Draft) is deployed from three aspects: training and creating high-level talents, encouraging talents to play a better role, optimizing innovation and entrepreneurship and creating ecology, and stimulating the vitality of talent innovation.

Key words 11: the right to use funds independently

The government work report states that the policy of expanding the autonomy of funds will be implemented in 2021.

In addition, during the 14th five year plan, the draft plan pointed out that the distribution policy guided by increasing knowledge value will be implemented, the mechanism of sharing the rights and interests of scientific researchers' achievements in job invention will be improved, and the ownership or long-term use right of scientific and technological achievements will be given to scientific researchers, and the proportion of income sharing among scientific researchers will be improved. We should select and make good use of leading and top-notch talents, and give them greater power to decide on technological routes and use funds.

It is an unsolved problem to improve the talent evaluation and incentive mechanism. The plan outline (Draft) gives the reform objectives for the next five years: to improve the evaluation system of scientific and technological talents guided by innovation ability, quality, effectiveness and contribution, and to construct a mechanism to fully reflect the value and income distribution mechanism of innovative elements such as knowledge and technology.

Key 12: reduce the burden on scientific researchers

The government work report proposes that the project review and talent evaluation mechanism should be improved in 2021 to effectively reduce the unreasonable burden on scientific researchers.

The outline of the plan (Draft) proposes that during the "14th five year plan", we should loosen the ties for scientific researchers in all aspects and expand the "green channel" of scientific research management. Improve the evaluation mechanism of science and technology and optimize the science and Technology Award project. We will deepen the reform of academician system.

At present, the central and local governments are intensively issuing policies, which take the form of "lump sum system" and "negative list" to loosen the ties for scientific researchers. In January, Chengdu issued the Interim Measures for the system of "lump sum + negative list" for municipal financial research project funds. Chengdu has the final say that the use of scientific research funds is not set up in a "restrictions and fetters". If the violation of the "red line" is not violated, the head of the research project can be "able to make the final decision". Introduction to relevant leaders of Chengdu Science and Technology Bureau.

Experts believe that it is necessary to cultivate, introduce and use talents in all aspects to give full play to the role of the first resource of talents. The outline of the plan (Draft) proposes supporting the establishment of post doctoral innovation posts, implementing knowledge renewal projects, skills promotion actions, building basic discipline bases and frontier science centers such as mathematical and chemical students, and improving foreigners' permanent presence in China

Key words 13: unveiling the handsome

The government work report proposes that in 2021, we should reform the implementation of major special science and technology projects and promote the mechanism of "exposing and ranking the leaders".

Jidongxiao, a researcher at the Party school base of the CPC Central Committee of the research center of theoretical system of socialism with Chinese characteristics of Shandong Province, introduced that the unveiling of the commander is "to put the key technical items needed on the list, and the heroes will be listed regardless of their origin and ability". They have the characteristics of no matter the qualification, no threshold, the selection of talents and the ability of the talents and the only practical results.

The outline (Draft) of the plan proposes that during the "14th five year plan", we should reform the way of project initiation and organization and management of major scientific and technological projects, give scientific research institutions and researchers more autonomy, implement the responsibility system of chief technical division, implement the system of "unveiling and ranking the leaders" and "racing horse racing", and improve the fund support mechanism of combining rewards and supplements.

During the 14th five year plan, the deepening of the reform and deployment of the management system of science and technology also includes: improving the classification evaluation system of free exploration and task-oriented scientific and technological projects, and establishing the evaluation mechanism of non consensus scientific and technological projects. We will establish and improve the modern institutions of scientific research institutions and support scientific research institutions to try out more flexible management systems such as staffing, post and salary. We will establish and improve the free and orderly flow mechanism of innovation resources among institutions of higher learning, scientific research institutions and enterprises. We will further promote the comprehensive innovation and reform experiment.

Experts believe that direct intervention such as accelerating the transformation of scientific and technological management functions, strengthening the guidance of planning policies and creating innovative environment, and reducing the project allocation by money and materials should be reduced. We will integrate the financial research investment system, focus on strategic key areas, and change the state of division and small and scattered departments.

Key words 14: open cooperation in science and technology

The government report on work points out that promoting open cooperation in science and technology.

During the 14th five year plan, China will implement an international science and technology cooperation strategy that is more open, inclusive and mutually beneficial and share, and will be more active in integrating into the global innovation network.

The specific measures proposed in the plan outline (Draft) include actively designing and leading hair to play a unique role in the international grand scientific plan and major scientific project. We will strengthen the opening up of the national science and technology plan, launch a number of major scientific and technological cooperation projects, establish a global science research fund and implement the exchange plan for scientists. Support the establishment of international scientific and technological organizations in China and foreign scientists to serve in China's scientific and technological academic organizations.

Under the current international situation, Xue LAN believes that China and the United States should avoid falling into the vicious competition of confrontation. China must always adhere to opening up, strengthen international scientific and technological cooperation, build a diversified and open science and technology innovation ecology and a multi inclusive human environment.

Key words 15: protection of intellectual property

The government work report states that the protection of intellectual property rights should be strengthened.

China is strengthening the protection of intellectual property rights in an all-round way, and many protection means such as legislation, justice and administrative law enforcement are exerting their own efforts. During the "14th five year plan", the planning outline (Draft) proposed that it will accelerate the legislation of intellectual property rights in new fields and new forms of business, improve the punitive compensation system for infringement of intellectual property, optimize the policy of patent subsidy and evaluation mechanism, expand the autonomy of intellectual property offices of scientific research institutions and institutions of higher learning, and build public service platform for the protection and utilization of intellectual property rights.

[warm tips] source: Economic Report of the 21st century, blue sea think tank for long-term youth. The copyright belongs to the original author. If there is something wrong, please contact to inform us of modification or deletion. Thank you.